TRAINING   CIRCULAR  No.  8 


PROVISIONAL 

INFANTRY   TRAINING 

MANUAL 

1918 


PART   I.— Minimum   Specifications  for  Trained   Infantry 
PART  II.— Training  Methods. 


War  Plans  Division. 
August  1918. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 

Document  No.  844 

Office  of  The  Adjutant  General 


42, 


Document  No.  844 
Office   of  The  Adjutant  General. 

WAR  DEPARTMENT, 
WASHINGTON,  August  14,  1918. 

This  Provisional  Training  Manual  is  published  for  the  purpose  of 
directing  the  attention  of  those  concerned  with  infantry  training  to- 
ward the  use  of  the  standardization  and  test  system  of  infantry  train- 
ing and  for  furnishing  assistance  in  arranging  programs  of  instruction 
and  training  schedules  and  in  prescribing  progress  tests. 

The  standards  and  methods  herein  are,  for  the  present,  to  be  con- 
idered  as  suggestive  only. 

Such  tests  as  are  selected  should  be  very  simple  and  quickly  and 
readily  given  to  groups  of  men  at  one  time.  Tests  should  not  be  per- 
mitted to  interfere  with  the  regular  progress  of  training.  Records  of 
progress  should  be  very  simple  and  should  not  take  much  time.  Good 
results  are  reported  from  the  use  of  training  records  maintained  by 
squad  and  platoon  leaders. 
(062.1  A.  G.  O.) 

BY   ORDER   OF    THE    SECRETARY   OF    WAR: 

PEYTON  C  MARCH, 

General,  Chief  of  Staff. 
OFFICIAL  : 

H.  P.  McCAIN, 

The  Adjutant  General. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

Part  L— Minimum  specifications  for  trained  infantry 5 

The   infantry   soldier    " 2 

A.  Manipulation  of  the  field  equipment ' 

B.  Nomenclature,  care  and  use  of  the  rifle - ° 

C.  Gallery  practice    - g 

D.  Range  practice g 

E.  Manual  of  arms,  etc.   - • 

F.  Drill   - I 

G.  Interior  guard?,duty --  -J 

H.  Bayonet  exercise  and  combat - 

I.    Sanitation,  hygiene  and  first  aid  --- - Jy 

J.    Trench  warfare,  sanitation,  etc. - 

K.  Gas,   sanitation,   etc.    - • 

L.  Signalling    - 

M.  Marching    ~ 

N.  Military    courtesy 

O.  Elements  of  field  service  ------- -  |* 

P.  Grenade  instruction — 

The    specialist    - 

I.  Advance  guard   duty   

II.  The  flank  guard,  the  convoy - |° 

III.  Route   marching    - """ 

IV.  Rear  guard  duty    }2 

V.  Outpust  duty -• 

VI.  March  outpost  duty  - ** 

VII.  The    defense    £{ 

VIII.  The  position  in  readiness ~Y 

IX.  The    attack    ----- - *" 

X.  Night   maneuvers    ~} 

XI.  Exercises  involving  cavalry  and  artillery £\ 

Trench  warfare— The   defense    --- - ff 

Trench   warfare— The   offense    --- - ft 

I.  Raids - % 

II.  Preparation  for  an  attack « ---  "* 

III.  Assault    : r --- <£ 

Minimum  specifications  for  trained  infantry - £> 

The  headquarters   company -- -  g> 

The  supply   company    - £~ 

The  non-commissioned    officer    -• 

The  company    officer    - - ^7 

The  field  officer  and_the  staff  officer *' 

Trench    warfare    ' ~5 

Part   II.— Training  methods    - - .---  J| 

To  develop  morale 


PART    I. 

Minimum  Specifications  for  Trained  Infantry. 


THE  INFANTRY  SOLDIER, 


(a)  THE  PHYSICAL 
Physical  training  of  the  soldier  to  be  so  directed  that  he  will 
be  enabled  with  readiness  to  qualify  in  the  following  tests: 

1.  Muscular  development. 
Strength  tests. 

"Chin  up"  8  times. 

Dip  6  times.     (If  installation   is  practicable  from  ground 
without  apparatus.) 

2.  Agility  or  muscular  efficiency. 

Running  tests  (service  uniform  without  coat.  No  equipment): 
50  yards  in     7  seconds. 
100  yards  in  14  seconds. 
220  yards  in  35  seconds. 

y-2.  mile  in  4  minutes. 

Running  tests  (complete  field  equipment,  including  ammuni- 
tion). 

100  yards  in  20  seconds. 

Jumping  tests  (service  uniform  without  coat.  No  equipment) : 
Standing  broad  jump  7  feet. 
Running  broad  jump  12  feet. 
Running  high  jump  3l/2  feet. 
Jumping  course  test: 

50  ft.    course    of   three   4    ft.   ditches    and    three   2l/2    ft. 

hurdles. 

Vault  fence  ¥/2  feet  high. 
Scaling  (service  uniform  without  coat.  No  equipment) : 

Scale  with  readiness  wall  7  feet  high. 
Climbing  (service  uniform  without  equipment) : 

Climb  20  foot  rope  in  30  seconds.     If  installation  is  prac- 
ticable. 
Climb  or  scale  100  yards  of  hill  slope  near  camp  in  number 

of  minutes   set   by   average   of   Company. 
Digging  (in  connection  with  intrenching)  : 

Excavate    in    medium    earth    with    short    handled    shovel: 
1   cubic  yard  in  1  hour. 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

Marching: 

March  20  miles  in  12  hours  carrying  complete  field  equip- 
ment including  ammunition,  completing  march  in  good 
physical  condition. 

Miake  forced  march  of  5  miles  in  one  hour  (alternate  short 

distance  'double  time  with   fast  walk)    carrying  rifles, 

belts    and    ammunition    and    light    packs,    completing 

march  in  fcpod  physical  condition. 

Bayonet  combat  (see  bayonet  instruction,  Standard  of  Soldier 

Training). 
Boxing. 

Foot  work — left  foot  and  left  hand  forward. 

Straight  left  to  head  and  block. 

Straight  left  to  body  and  block. 

Left  hook  for  head  and  block. 

Left  hook  for  body  and  block. 

Right  cross  to  head  and  block. 

Right  cross  to  body  and  block. 

One-two. 

Jab  w.  left  for  body  and  cross  w.  right  to  head. 

Feinting  w.  left  to  use  an  uppercut. 

Short  bouts  (2  minutes). 
Wrestling. 

Holds  and  breaks. 

Foot  work. 

Short  bouts    (3  minutes). 

Hand-to-Hand  Fighting  (reference  "Hand-to-Hand  Fighting," 
Inf.  S.  of  A.,  1918): 

Defense  against  an   opponent   who    rushes  you   from   the 
front. 

Offense  in  rushing  at  an  opponent  from  the  front. 

Defense  against  an  attack  by  an  opponent  from  the  rear. 

Offense  against  an  opponent .  from  the   rear. 

Face  to  face  standing  tactics,  offensive  and  defensive. 

Escorting  a  prisoner. 

Disabling  methods. 

3.  Sustained  Rifle  Fire. 

Sustain   aimed   simulated   rifle   fire  at   rate   of  8   rounds   per 
minute   for   10  minutes. 

4.  Equitation  (for  mounted  men). 
Efficiency  tests  in  the  following: 

Saddling  and  bridling. 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL.  7 

Care  of  the  horse. 

Grooming. 

Mounting  and  dismounting. 

Position  and  reins. 

Walk,  trot,  gallop. 

Covering  distances. 

Jumps. 

Elementary  knowledge  of  horse  shoeing. 

(J>)  THE  STANDARD  OF  MORALE. 

Psychological  training  of  the  soldier   to  be  so  directed  as  to 
develop  a  high  standard  of  morale  in  the   following: 

1.  Patriotism  and  loyalty. 

2.  Discipline. 

3.  Self  respect  and  pride. 

4.  Alertness. 

5.  Esprit. 

6.  Cheerfulness. 

7.  Enthusiasm. 

8.  Initiative. 

9.  Resourcefulness. 

10.  Aggressiveness. 

11.  Determination  and  tenacity. 

* 

(rt  THE  STANDARD  OF  TRAINING. 

The    individual    soldier    is    required    to   qualify   according   to   the 
highest  attainable  standard  of  average  efficiency  in  the  following: 

A.     MANIPULATION  OF  THE  FIELD  EQUIPMENT. 

1.  Name  and  indicate  the  principal  parts  of  the  field  equipment 

of  the    infantry  soldier. 

2.  Disassemble  and  assemble  the  equipment. 

3.  Sling  and  unsling  the  equipment. 

4.  Prepare    the    equipment    for    inspection. 

5.  Pitch   shelter  tent  and  display  equipment. 

6.  Pitch  double  shelter  tent  and  display  equipment. 

7.  Detach  the  pack  when  equipment  is  slung. 

8.  Adjust  the  poncho  as  a  raincoat. 

9.  Make  single  and  double  sleeping  bag. 
Make   up   the   individual   surplus   kit. 

Demonstrate    and    describe    the    cleaning    and    care    of    web 
equipment  and  of  leather  equipment. 


8  PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

B.     NOMENCLATURE,  CARE  AND  USE  OF  THE  RIFLE. 

1.  Name  and  indicate  principal  parts  of  the  rifle. 

2.  State  what  is  meant  by  the  caliber  of  the  rifle. 

3.  Describe   the    effect   on   the    bullet   of   the   spiral   rifling   in 

the   bore. 

4.  Disassemble  and   reassemble  the  belt  mechanism. 

5.  Demonstrate  and   describe  the  proper  methods  of  cleaning 

the  rifle. 

6.  Describe  the  proper  method  of  keeping  the  rifle  in  good  con- 

dition during  field  service,  especially  in  the  trenches,  under 
varied  conditions  of  weather  and  warfare,  including  gas 
attack. 

7.  Explain  battle   sight,   normal   or  half   sight  and   peep   sight 

and  describe  their  use, 

8.  Set  the  sights  correctly  for  indication  of  elevation  and  wind- 

age for  both  normal  and  peep  sight  with  maximum  time 
for  each  sight  'setting  of  ten  seconds.  Five  tests. 

9.  Adjust  the  sling  and  take  the  proper  firing  positions  stand- 

ing, sitting,  kneeling  and  prone.  Include  positions  from 
parapet,  wall  top  or  other  horizontal  rest  and  from  vertical 
edge  of  wall,  door,  window  or  tree. 

10.  Set  sights  with  correct  elevation  and  windage  to  bring  placed 

shots  to  the  bulls-eye  on  the  500-yard  target.  (Normal 
and  peep  sights,  five  tests.  10  seconds  each). 

11.  Demonstrate    proficiency    in    sighting   with    rifle    in    sighting 

rest.  (Test:  3  consecutive  triangles,  no  side  of  triangle 
to  exceed  ^2  inch.  Distance  20  feet). 

12.  Demonstrate  facility  in  loading  from  belt  in  each  of  stand- 

ing, sitting,  kneeling  and  prone  positions,  using  dummy 
ammunition  clip  in  belt,  pocket  fastened.  (Maximum  time 
limit  6  seconds  each  in  best  five  out  of  seven  trials). 

13.  Demonstrate  correct  aiming  combined  with   trigger  squeeze 

in  each  of  the  four  firing  positions.  Five  tests.  (Use 
target  machine,  aiming  rod  device,  Belgian  Aiming  Device, 
or  perforated  bulls-eye  covering  the  instructor's  eye  in 
tests). 

14.  Demonstrate    facility    in    rapid    loading,    aiming    and    firing. 

Load  from  belt  and  simulate  fire  with  two  clips  of  dummy 
cartridges.  Test  by  means  of  aiming  rod  device,  Belgian 
aiming  device,  or  perforated  Bulls-eye  over  instructor's 
eye.  Test  in  the  four  firing  positions  in  the  open  and  from 
trenches.  Time:  1  minute  each. 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL.  9 

15.  Demonstrate  freedom  from  flinching.  Test  in  prone  posi- 
tion. Rifle  to  be  so  manipulated  by  the  instructor  that 
the  man  undergoing  test  does  not  know  whether  it  is 
loaded  or  not.  Service  ammunition  to  be  used. 

C.  GALLERY  PRACTICE. 

\  Make  qualification  score  required  by  firing  regulations  at 
present  in  force,  in  each  of  the  firing  positions. 

D.  RANGE  PRACTICE. 

1.  Make    qualification    markman's    score    required    by    firing 
regulations  and  orders  at  present  in  force. 

E.  MANUAL  OF  ARMS,  ETC. 

Execute   with   standard  accuracy  and   precision: 

1.  Manual  of  arms  by  the  numbers. 

2.  Manual  of  arms  without  the  numbers. 

3.  Parade  rest,  trail  arms. 

4.  Rifle  salutes. 

5.  Inspection    arms.      Prepare    for    inspection    (proper    action 

when  instructor  takes  and  returns  the  piece.) 

6.  Stack  arms.     Take  arms. 

F.  DRILL. 

Execute   with   standard  accuracy  and  precision: 

1.  Attention. 

2.  Facings. 

3.  Mark  time.     Side  steps.     Backward  march. 

4.  By  the  flanks.     To  the  rear. 

5.  Eyes  right.     Right  dress. 

6.  Hand  salute. 

•     7.  Action  as  pivot  and  as  various  numbers  in  squad  right  and 
in  squad  right  about. 

8.  Obliques:     Turns. 

9.  Face,  to   the    right   or   left   in   marching. 
Demonstrate : 

10.  Proper  carriage  of  body  and  piece   in   marching. 

11.  Action  as  various  numbers  of  a  squad  in  "As  skirmishers." 

12.  Acton  as  various  numbers  of  combat  group  1,  2,  3  and  4  in 

"As  skirmishers  in  two  lines  (one  wave)  march." 

13.  Proper  execution  of  load,  airrt  and  fire. 

14.  Proper  action   in  response  to  commands   for  volley  fire,  fire 

at  will,  clip  fire,  suspend  firing,  cease  firing,  unload. 

G.  INTERIOR  GUARD  DUTY. 

1.  Demonstrate  a  thorough  working  knowledge  of  the  general 
orders   for  sentinels. 


10  PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

2.  Demonstrate: 

(1)  Halts   and  advances. 

(2)  Calls   (corporal,  the  guard,  fire,  relief). 

(3)  Salutes. 

(4)  Duties  of  No.  1  of  the  Guard. 

H.  BAYONET  EXERCISE  AND  COMBAT. 

Execute   with   standard   accuracy: 

1.  Guard,  High  Port,  Long  thrust,  Short  thrust,  Parrys,  Jabs, 

butt  Strikes. 

2.  Execute  combination  of  the  above  movements. 

3.  Demonstrate  accuracy  and  quickness  in  offense   against  the 

parry  stick,   rings,  etc. 

4.  Demonstrate   accuracy,   quickness   and   power   in   thrusts 

and  varied  offense  against  dummy. 

5.  Demonstrate  efficient   withdrawal   of  bayonet. 

6.  Demonstrate  standard  accuracy,  quickness  and  power  in  the 

assault   over   the   assault   course. 

7.  Demonstrate  kicking  and  tripping  as  aids  to  bayonet  offense. 

8.  Describe  the  proper  offensive  action  in  the  bayonet  assault. 

9.  Describe  the  location  of  the  vulnerable  points  of  .the  anatomy. 
TO.  Demonstrate  disarming  opponent  when  attacking  with   fixed 

bayonet. 

11.  Demonstrate    method    of    disarming    opponent    armed    witli 

knife. 

12.  Demonstrate  various   features  of  "in-fighting." 

I.    SANITATION,  HYGIENE  AND  FIRST  AID. 

1.  Descril>c  the  make  and  lit  of  the  proper  marching  shoe  and 

of  the  proper  marching  sock.  . 

2.  Describe  the  proper  care  of  the  feet  from  day  to  day  on 

extended  marches. 

3.  Describe  the  proper  care  of  blisters  on  the   feet. 

4.  State   reasons    for  the   necessity  of   personal  cleanliness,   iftV 

cluding  care  of  the  teeth  and  cleanliness  of  camp  and  billet. 

5.  Describe  the  method  of  prevention  of  malaria,  typhoid  and 

para-typhoid   in  the  service. 

6.  Describe  the  methods  in  use  in  combatting  venereal  disease. 

7.  Demonstrate  the  application  of  t!ie   first  aid   packet. 

8.  Demonstrate   resuscitation    from   drowning. 

9.  Demonstrate  stoppage  of  bleeding. 

10.  Demonstrate   bandaging,   care   of    fractures,   slings. 

11.  Demonstrate    carrying    patient. 

12.  Demonstrate  placing  patient   on  litter. 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL.  11 

J.    TRENCH  WARFARE,  SANITATION,  ETC. 

1.  Describe  the  care  of  the  feet  in  the  trenches. 

2.  Describe  the  means  of  combatting  vermin. 
K.    GAS,  SANITATION,  ETC. 

1.  Describe  effects   of   various   kinds   of  gas. 

2.  Describe  how  gas   is   recognized. 

3.  Describe  measures  of  gas   defense. 

4.  Demonstrate  standard  efficiency  in  putting  on  gas  masks. 

5.  Pass  through   gas  chamber  wearing  protective  mask. 

6.  Describe   methods   of   dispersion   of   gas. 

7.  Double  time  4  minutes  wearing  gas  mask. 

8.  Wear  gas  mask  one  hour. 
L.    SIGNALLING. 

1.  Make  and  interpret  with  standard  speed  the  drill  and  firing 

signals  authorized  in  I,  D.  R. 

2.  Interpret  the  generally    used   bugle   calls   and   signals. 

3.  Interpret  the  whistle    signals. 

4.  Send  and  receive  by  flag  and  semaphore  with  standard  speed 

and  accuracy.      (Selected  men   of  the   company). 
M.    MARCHING. 

1.  March  three  miles  at  rate  of  four  miles  per  hour  equipped 

with  rifle  and  belt  and  ammunition. 

2.  March  twenty  miles  in  twelve  hours,  wearing  .full  field  equip- 

ment, including  ammunition.     Finish  in  good  physical  con- 
dition. 
N.     MILITARY  COURTESY. 

Execute  and  explain  use  of  proper  hand  and  rifle  salutes, 
(a)  The  soldier  standing    still. 
(&)  The  soldier  passing   an  officer. 

(r)  The  soldier  in  public  conveyance,   the  soldier   indoors,   in 
public  gatherings  indoors,  the  soldier  during  playing 
of  the  National  Anthem  or  sounding  "To  the  colors." 
O.    ELEMENTS  OF  FIELD  SERVICE. 
Demonstrate : 

1.  Proper    action    of    various    members    of    squad    in    pitching 

and    folding   pyramidal    and    wall   tents. 

2.  Demonstrate  individual  cooking  of  coffee,  bacon,  potatoes, 

stew. 

3.  Demonstrate   proficiency   in  carrying  verbal   messages. 

4.  Recognition  of  or  pointing  out  of  various  individual  officers 

of  the  command. 

5.  Demonstrate  efficiency  in  construction  of  obstacles. 

6.  Estimate    distances    with   standard   efficiency. 


12  PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

P.     GRENADE  INSTRUCTION. 

1.  Describe    with    models    construction    and    action    of    various 

forms  of  grenades   in  use. 

2.  Demonstrate  acquaintance  with  explosives  in  use. 

3.  Demonstrate  efficiency    in    filling    grenades. 

4.  Demonstrate  efficiency   in    emptying  grenades. 

5.  Throw    dummy   grenades   with   proper    timing   and   accuracy 

from  various  positions  at  ranges  from  3  to  30  yards. 

6.  Throw  live  grenades  with  proper  timing  and  accuracy.     (Se- 

lected  men). 

7.  Demonstrate  thorough  knowledge  of  the  correct  tactics  of 

the  individuals  of  the  small  group  in: 
(o)  Trench    warfare. 

(b)  Shell  hole   warfare. 

(c)  Open  warfare.     (Fighting  in  the  open,  in  the  streets, 

etc.) 

(d)  Mopping  up. 

O)    Use  of  the  group  in  combination  with  other  specialties. 

8.  Demonstrate  thorough  knowledge  of  the  rifle  grenades  in  use. 

9.  Fire  the  rifle  grenade   with   accuracy. 

10.  Demonstrate    knowledge    of    the    tactics    of    rifle    grenade 

barrage. 

Individuals  will  be  instructed  and  their  efficiency  observed  and 
tested  in  the  practice  of  details  of  open  warfare  and  of  trench  zt'arfarc, 
which  details  will  be  correctly  demonstrated  and  practiced  under  varied 
conditions  as  elements  of  a  stated  field  situation. 

The  required  details  are  outlined  in  the  company  standard  herewith. 

THE  SPECIALIST. 
(a)  The  Sniper  (add  to  the  general  training  of  the  soldier): 

1.  Demonstrate   thorough   knowledge   of   telescopic   sights. 

2.  Demonstrate    thorough    knowledge    of    stalking    and    large 

telescopes. 

3.  Demonstrate  thorough  knowledge  of  patrolling  and  scouting. 

4.  Demonstrate  thorough  knowledge   of  map  reading. 

5.  Prepare   good   panoramic   sketches,   map   sketches,    range 

cards. 

6.  Demonstrate   skill   in   observation   by  day  and   by  night  and 

in  reporting  and  recording  observations. 

7.  Prepare    written    messages    and   reports. 

8.  Demonstrate    skill    in    selection    and   construction    of    sniper 

posts. 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL.  13 

9.  Demonstrate  skill  in  the  use  of  the  prismatic  compass  and 
the  plotting  of  observations  taken  with  same. 

10.  Demonstrate  skill  in  practical  use  of  methods  of  camouflage. 

11.  Exhibit    expert    riflemanship. 

12.  Demonstrate  thorough  knowledge  of  trench  systems. 

13.  Demonstrate  special  skill  in  signalling,  use  of  telephone 

and  other  means  of  communication. 

14.  Demonstrate  special  skill  in  estimation  of  distance  and  use 

of  range  finders. 

15.  Demonstrate    thorough    knowledge    of    methods    of    trench 

warfare. 

16.  Demonstrate    thorough    knowledge    of   periscope,    sniper- 

scopes. 

17.  Demonstrate    ability   in   the    interpretation   of   aerial   photo- 

graphs. 

18.  Demonstrate   skill  in  the   use  of  cover  in  crawling  and   in 

stalking. 

(b)  The  soldier  agent  of  liaison  (the  signalman,  the  scout,  the 
runner) : 

1.  Describe  the  principles  of  liaison. 

2.  Qualify  in  use  of  ground,  flag    and  aerial  signals. 

3.  Qualify  in  knowledge  of   service   signals   and  abbreviations. 

4.  Quality  in  use  of  flash,  fire   and  rocket  signals. 

5.  Qualify  in  transmission   of    battle   orders. 

6.  Qualify  in  knowledge  of  trench  systems. 

7.  Qualify  in  knowledge   and  use  of  telegraph,  telephone    and 

buzzer  systems. 

8.  Qualify  in  knowledge  and  use  of  radio  system. 

9.  Qualify  in  knowledge  and  use  of  ground  induction  appa- 

ratus. 
10.  Qualify  in  listening  methods. 

(r).  The  grenadier  and  bomber. 

Add  to  the  general  training  of  the  soldier  the  following . 
(Note  that  the  general  training  of  the  soldier  includes  a  thorough 
training  in  bombing) : 

1.  Knowledge  of  trench  systems. 

2.  Knowledge  of  the    tactics    of    the    bombing    squad    in    the 

offense  and  in  the  defense. 

3.  Throw  live  bombs. 

4.  Special   physical   training.      Special   accuracy. 

5.  Trench   clearing.     Trench   blocking. 

6.  Crater  fighting. 


14  PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

(d)  The  automatic  rifleman  and  the  Lewis  gunner  (add  to  the 

general  training  of  the  soldier) : 

1.  Demonstrate    thorough   knowledge   of   the   nomenclature   of 

the  arm. 

2.  Disassemble  and  assemble  the  arm. 

3.  Demonstrate  thorough  knowledge  of  the  care  of  the  arm. 

4.  Demonstrate  skill  in  marksmanship. 

5.  Demonstrate  skill  in  firing  while  advancing. 

6.  Demonstrate  knowledge  of  the  correct  tactics  of  the  arm  in : 

(a)  Trench  warfare.      (Offensive  and  defensive). 

(b)  Shell  hole  warfare. 

(c)  Open   warfare.      (Offensive   and  defensive). 

(d)  Use  in  combination  and  with  other  specialties. 

(e)  'The  Cook   (special  knowledge  required  in  the  following) : 

1.  Cooking  and   baking. 

2.  Miess  sanitation. 

3.  Mess  management. 

4.  Field  cooking. 

5.  Use  of   the  fireless  cooker. 

6.  Selection,  care  and  preparation  of  foods  and  meats. 

7.  Kitchen   economy. 

(/)  The  clerk   (special  knowledge  required   in   the  following): 

1.  Military  correspondence. 

2.  File   and   correspondence   work. 

3.  Office    organization. 

4.  Desk  efficiency. 

5.  Orders. 

6.  Army   regulations. 

7.  Use   of  blank   forms. 

8.  Field  desks  and  contents. 

9.  Making  and   use   of   pay  rolls. 
10.  Making  of  requisitions. 

(g)  The  mechanic  (special  knowledge  required  in  the  following): 

1.  Cordage,   blocks,  tackles,   levers. 

2.  Oils,  paint,  preservatives,  soaps,  metal  solvents. 

3.  Care    and    repair    of    equipment    (metal,    leather,    web     and 

canvas). 

4.  Stenciling  and   marking   of   Government  property. 

5.  Ammunition    (Issue,   storage,  cleaning  and  packing). 

6.  Company   workshop    (Army   chest). 

7.  Machine  gun,  rifle,  pistol,  automatic  rifle. 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL.  15 

8.  Orders,     regulations,     pamphlets,     in     regard     to     company 

property. 

9.  Distribution,  loss,  handling,  survey,  allowances   and  spare 

parts   of   equipment   "C." 

10.  Carpenter   and   machine  tools. 

11.  Bolts,   screws,   nails. 

12.  Carpentry. 

13.  Plumbing,   blow-torch,   putty,  glass,  wiring. 

14.  Field   service,   camp   expedients. 

15.  Wagon,   truck,   and   railroad  car   packing. 

(h)  The  wagoner  (special  knowledge  required  in  the  following): 

1.  Care  of  animals. 

2.  Driving. 

3.  Stable  and  corral  management. 

4.  Care  of  harness. 

5.  Repair  of  harness. 

6.  Grooming. 

5.  The  squad. 

Qualification  required  under  direction  of  its  leader  in: 

(a)  Close  order  drill. 

(6)    Mechanism  of  extended  order  drill. 

(c)  Maneuvering   as   a   patrol    with    maximum   efficiency   of 

protection,   observation,   communication,   etc. 

(d)  Attacking  without  support. 

(e)  Delivering  bayonet   attack  with  maximum   effectiveness. 
(/)  Designating    and     covering    an     indicated     target    with 

maximum  efficiency. 

(g)  Distribution  of  fire  over  target. 

(h)   Shifting  of  fire  with  maximum  efficiency. 

(0    Ready  response  to   fire  control. 

(/)   Execution  of  squad,  rushes  with  maximum  efficiency. 

(k)  Packing  surplus  kit. 

Qualification  required  under  direction  of  its  leader  in  the  dem- 
onstration of  the  correct  knowledge  of  principles  and  action  in 
the  appropriate  details  of  open  warfare  and  of  trench  warfare 
(listed  in  company  standard,  page  16)  correctly  demonstrated  under 
varied  conditions  as  elements  of  a  stated  field  situation,  involving 
varied  strength  of  the  entire  command. 

6.  The  platoon. 

Qualification   required  under  command  of  its  leader  in: 
.(a)  Close  order  drill.     (Platoon  independent). 

(b)  Close  order  drill.     (Platoon  as   part    of   a   company). 


16  PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

Qualification  required  under  direction  of  its  leader  in  the  dem- 
onstration of  the  correct  knowledge  of  principles  and  action  in 
in  the  appropriate  details  of  open  warfare  and  of  trench  warfare 
(listed  in  company  standard  page  16)  correctly  demonstrated  under 
varied  condition  as  elements  of  a  stated  field  situation  involving 
varied  strength  of  the  entire  command. 

7.    The  Company. 

i 

Qualification   required   under   direction  of  the  Company   Com- 
mander in : 

(a)  Close   order   drill. 

(b)  Mechanism   of  extended  order  drill. 

(c)  Designating  and  covering  an  indicated  target  with  max- 

imum  efficiency. 

(rf)  Distribution   of   fire   over   target. 
(e)   Ready  response   to   fire  control. 
(/)  Preparing    company    equipment    for    wagon    and    truck 

loading  and  loading  same. 

(g)  Demonstration  of  cohesive  route  marching. 
Qualification  required  under  direction  of  its  leader  in  the  dem- 
onstration of  the  correct  knowledge  of  principles  and  action  in 
appropriate  details  of  open  warfare  (listed  below  correctly  dem- 
onstrated under  varied  conditions  as  elements  of  a  stated  field 
situation,  involving  varied  strength  of  the  entire  command. 

I.     ADVANCE   GUARD   DUTY. 

1.  The  Paint. 

(a)  Order  to.     Manner  of  moving  out. 

(b)  Conduct  at  variations  in  road  terrain. 

(c)  Conduct  on  observing  enemy. 

(d)  Conduct  under  surprise  fire  of  varied  strength  from 

front  and  flanks. 
(<?)   Conduct  in  falling  back. 

2.  The  Advance  Party. 

(a)  Formation  on  varied  terrain  and  under  varied  situations. 
(b}   Manner    of    sending    out     patrols.       Giving    orders    to 

patrols. 

(c)  Method  of  communication  with  support  and  with  patrols. 
(d.)  Action  under  surprise  fire  of  varied  strength  from  front 

ancl  from  flanks 
(2)  Action  in    vigorous    frontal    attack    to    seize    important 

point. 
(/)   Action  on  meeting  superior  force. 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL.  17 

(#)  Action  in  retiring  from  the  support. 

3.  Patrols  from  the  Advance  Party. 

(a)  Transmission  of  orders  and  giving  of  directions  by 
leaders. 

(fr)   Formation   and   manner   of   moving  out. 

(f)  Manner  of  procedure  on  varied  terrain  (woods,  defiles, 
inclosures,  etc.) 

(d)  Communcation  and   control   within   the   patrol. 

O)  Communication  with    the    advance    party. 

(/)  Conduct  upon    observing    the    enemy. 

(0)  Conduct  in  combating  enemy's  patrols  in  the  ren- 
contre. 

(A)  Conduct  in  gaining  information  of  the  enemy's  position, 
strength,  etc.,  when  the  advance  guard  encounters  an 
enemy  in  position.  Transmission  of  such  information. 

(»)    Conduct  of  patrol  in    combat    firing. 

(/)  Conduct  of  patrol  when  advance  party  is  forced  to 
retire. 

(&)  Conduct  of  patrol  in  gaining  observation  positions  to 
front  and  flanks. 

4.  Connecting  Files. 

(a)  Manner  of  marching.     Action  at  road  variations. 
(&)  Methods   of   communication. 

5.  The  Support. 

(a)  Formation    under    varied    situations. 

(6)  Communication   with   advance  party  and  with  reserve. 

(c)  Action  under  surprise  fire  of  varied  strength  from  front 

and  flanks. 

(d}  Action  under   surprise   artillery   fire. 
(^)  Action  in  support  of  advance   party  by  rendering  flank 

patrol  assistance. 
(/)  Action    in   reinforcing  the   advance   party   under   varied 

conditions. 

(<?)  Action  in  covering  the  retirement  of  the  advance  party. 
(A)   Action  in  retiring  upon   the   reserve. 

6.  The  Reserve. 

(a)  Practically  the  same  problems  as  the  above  (support), 

relative  of  course,  to  the  support  and  to  the  main  body. 

(b)  Method  of  advance  at  rapid  rate  of  march  for  reinforc- 

'ing  support  and  formation  of  advance  to  avoid  heavy 
losses. 


18  PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

II.  THE  FLANK  GUARD,  THE  CONVOY. 

Flank    guard    and    the   convoy    offer    variation    in    advance    guard 
formation  studies. 

III.  ROUTE  MARCHING. 

(fl)  Methods  and  rating  of  marching  over  measured  courses. 
(Special  attention  to  individuals.  Classifying  indi- 
viduals if  necessary  and  practice  in  classified  section). 
Acceleration  of  speed.  Cohesive  marching. 

(&)  Practice  over  short  courses  in  keeping  closed  up  and 
in  position  and  in  preventing  straggling.  Changing 
rate  of  marching. 

(c)  Clearing  road  at  rests.  Side  of  the  road  and  conceal- 
ment from  aeroplane  reconnaissance  marching.  Send- 
ing squad  representatives  to  fill  squad  canteens.  Con- 
duct at  pumps  and  springs  in  canteen  filling. 

IV.  REAR  GUARD  DUTY. 

(a)  Formation    under    varied    situations, 
(fc)   Action  or  rear  guard  patrol. 

(c)  Selection  and  preparation  of  successive  defensive  position. 

(d)  Action  of  rear  party  in  retreating  before  closely  pur- 

suing force. 

(e)  Action  of  support  in  covering  retreat  of  the  rear  party. 
(/)  Action   of  support  and  reserve  in  withdrawing  from 

defensive  position  and  in  taking  up  the  retreat. 
(0)  Action   of   the   reserve    in   intercepting  a   rear   flanking 
attack  upon  the  main  body. 

V.    OUTPOST  DUTY. 
1.   The  Main  Body. 

(a)  Field  lecture  and  demonstration  on  camp  sites,  kitchen 
sanitation,  incinerators,  location,  construction  and 
sanitation  of  rears,  location  and  care  of  corrals,  loca- 
tion of  drinking,  bathing  and  wash  water,  etc. 

(&)   Interior  camp  guard  duty. 

(c)  Shelter  tent  pitching. 

(d)  Pyramidal  and  wall  tent  pitching. 
(?)   Communication  with  supports. 

(/)  Quick   turning   out   and    forming   under    surprise    and 

emergency  orders. 
(0)   Transmission  of  orders,  inspection,  preparation,  etc.,  of 

special  patrols  sent  out  from  main  body. 
(A)  Forced  inarching  to  reinforce  supports. 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL.  19 

2.  The  Reserve. 

Location,   formation    and  conduct.     Relieving  the  supports. 

3.  The  Support 
Demonstration  of : 

(a)  Location  and  formation. 

(b)  Support  intrenching  and  defense  preparations, 
(r)  Communication  with  reserve  and  with  pickets. 
(d)   Support  sentinels.     Interior  conduct  of  support. 
(<?)    Individual   cooking. 

(/)   Patrolling    from   the    support. 

O")  Relieving  the   pickets. 

(h)  Combat  action  of  the  support  under  varied  situations. 

4.  The  Picket. 

Demonstration  of: 

(a)  Location    and    formation. 

(b)  Conduct    and    messing    of    the    picket. 
(Y)    Patrolling  from  the  picket. 

(rf)   Combat  action  under  varied  situations. 

O)   Night    formations. 

(/)   Communication   with   supports   and   with   outguards. 

(g)   Relieving   the  outguards. 

(h)   Combat   retiring  upon  the  supports. 

5.  Conduct  of  the  Examining  Post. 

Demonstrate : 

6.  The  Outguards. 
Demonstrations  of: 

(a)  Positions  and  conduct  of  cossack  posts. 

(b)  Positions  and  conduct  of  sentinels,  double  sentinels, 

sentry  squads. 

(c)  Conduct  of  visiting  patrols   and  of  examining  patrols. 

(d)  Orders   for  sentinels  of  the  outguards. 
(Y)  Communication. 

(/)  Relieving   the  outguards. 

(g)  Combat  action   under   varied    situations. 

(7i)    Combat  retiring  upon  the  picket. 

(i)    Receiving  flag  of  truce. 

(/)    Receiving  deserters. 

(k)   Night  changes. 

VI.     MARCH   OUTPOST  DUTY. 

Demonstration  of: 

(a)  Formation,    posting,    relieving,    communication. 

(b)  Combat   action  under  varied  conditions. 


20  PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

VII.     THE  DEFENSE. 

(a)  Practice  of  surprise  deployments  from  any  formation  in 
any  direction. 

(fe)  Field  lecture  on  selection  of  defensive  positions,  selecting 
and  planning  lines  of  intrenchments,  dummy  trenches, 
shelters  and  bomb  proofs,  trench  quarters,  communi- 
cations and  approaches,  trench  rears,  etc.  (for  selec- 
tion and  preparation  of  defensive  positions,  see 
trench  warfare). 

(c)  Construction   of   intrenchments. 

(d)  Construction   of   obstacles,   theory   and   practice. 

O)   Location     of     detachments     for     flank     protection     and 

strengthening  of   such   positions. 
(/)   Interior   communication. 
(#)  Location  of  supports  and  use  in  combat. 
(h)    Location  of  reserves   and   use    in   combat. 
(0    Estimation  of   distances  and  range  finding. 
(/)     Practice   in   pointing  out  and   defining  targets. 
(&)    Distribution  of  fire  of  squads  and  platoons  over  targets. 

Shifting   of   fire. 
(/)    Assigning   of   defense   zones   to   platoons.      Maintenance 

of  defense  within  zones.     Maintenance  of  observation 

within    platoon    defense    zones. 
(iff)  Control  of  fire. 
(n)  Conduct  of   prolonged   defensive   firing.     Use  of  firing 

reliefs  in  squads,  platoon  and  company. 
(0)    Distribution  of  ammunition. 
(P)   Receiving  and   repulse   of  bayonet   charges 
(tf)    Counter  attacks   by  supports   and   reserves. 
(r)   Interior   communication. 

VIII.    THE  POSITION  IN  READINESS. 

Problems  requiring  or  justifying. 

IX.     THE  ATTACK. 

Demonstrations  of: 

(a)  The   approach   from   distant   ranges. 

(b)  The  advance  through  artillery  zones. 

(c)  The  advance  through  the    mid   zone    under   varied    con- 

ditions. 

(d)  The  assignment  of   platoon  and  squad  targets    and  the 

communication   of   targets  to   individuals. 
(*?    The  use  of  combat  patrols  and  ground  scouts. 
(/)  Range,  finding  and   estimation   of   range. 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL.  21 

(0)  Interior  and  exterior  communication  and  use  of  signals. 
(/>)   Opening  fire,  rating  of  fire. 

(1)  Practice  squad  rushes  for  speed  and  minimum  exposure, 

especially  at  beginning  and  at  end  of  rush. 
(/)    Practice  of  platoon  rushes. 
(&)   Practice  of  attack     with     defense     outlined     with     men 

equipped    with    red    flags    to    give    indication    of    fire 

superiority  and  to  control  the  advance. 
(/)    Combat  action  in  meeting  surprise  fire,  of  varied  strength, 

from  varied  positions,   front  and  flank. 
(MI)  Preparation   for  the  bayonet  charge, 
(n)  Practice   squad,  platoon   and  company  bayonet   charges 

for  cohesion,  team  work  and  force. 
(0)   Supplying  and  distribution  of  ammunition. 
(/>)  Reiniorcing   the   firing   line. 
(<?)  Reorganizing  of   squads  of  the  firing  line, 
(r)   Continuation  of  attack  when  various  leaders  are  disabled. 
(s)  Location,    formation    and  use   of   supports. 
(0    Individual  use  of  cover. 

X.     NIGHT  MANEUVERS. 

(a)  The  night  march. 

(b)  The  deployment  at  night. 

(c)  The  night  occupation  of  a  position. 

(d)  The  advancing  of  a  line  and  the  intrenching  of  a  new 

line  at  night. 

(e)  The  night  withdrawal  from  a  position. 
(/)  The  night  attack. 

(#)  The  night  defense. 

XI.     EXERCISES  INVOLVING  CAVALRY 
AND  ARTILLERY. 

(a)  The  unit  in  support  of  artillery. 

(b)  The  unit  in  attack  upon  artillery. 

(c)  The  unit  in  attack  upon  cavalry. 

(d)  The  defense  against  cavalry  under  varied  conditions. 
Qualification  required  under  direction  of  its  leader  in  the  dem- 
onstration  of  th-e   correct   knowledge   of   principles   and   action    in 
the  appropriate  details  of  trench  warfare  (listed  below),  correctly 
demonstrated  under  varied  conditions  as  elements  of  a  stated  field 
situation  involving  varied  strength  of  the  entire  command. 


22  PnovrsioNAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

TRENCH  WARFARE— THE  DEFENSE. 

1.  The  Defense. 

(a)  Necessary  action  for  immediate  defense  in  passing 
from  open  to  trench  warfare. 

2.  The  Seizing  and  Holding  of  Advantageous  Positions. 

(a)  Seizing  advantageous   terrain. 
(&)  Establishing  outposts. 

(c)  Digging  in  under  fire. 

(d)  Connecting  up  flanks  and  supports. 
({?)   Establishing  communication. 

(/)  Correction  and  reorganization  of  the  line  according  to 
tactical  considerations.  (Fire  trench  first.) 

3.  Defensive  Organization  of  a  New  Area  or  Sector. 

(«)  Distribution  of  Garrison.  Mounting  of  listening  and 
observation  posts. 

(&)  General  defense  scheme  including  the  necessary  draw- 
ing of  trench  sketches  of  defenses. 

(r)  WORK. — Drawing  plan  of  work  in  sequence  of  im- 
portance— immediate  organization  of  garrison  for 
front  line  and  forward  area  work — recommendations 
for  other  working  parties  with  proposed  work  schedule. 

(<f)  GARRISON  WORK.— Building  of  Fire  trench.  Mak- 
ing parapet  bullet-proof. 

Clearing,  repairing,  and  improving  all  front  line 
trenches. 

Digging  of  saps  for  listening  posts. 

Protection  for  advanced  posts. 

Wiring — constructing  proper  wire  entanglements. 

Sanitation — construction   of   latrines — drainage. 

Clearing  of  communication  trertches  in  forward  area, 
revetting  where  advisable — construction  of  dug- 
outs, shelters,  grenade  and  ammunition  stores. 

Construction  of  Machine  Gun  emplacements  and 
alternative  positions. 

4.  The  Conduct  of  Trench  Routine. 

(a)  The  organization  and  conduct  of  trench  guard  by  day 

and  by  night  (Tests  of  vigilance). 
(&)   Conduct  and  reasons  of  "stand-to." 

(c)  Conduct  of  messing— rations  and  carrying  parties. 

(d)  Daily  inspections — equipment,  rifles,  ammunition,  feet. 

(e)  The  conduct  of  sanitary  measures,  use  of  latrines,  etc. 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL.  23 

(/)  The  conduct  of  work  on  wire  and  trench  repairs  and 
new  construction. 

(g)  Care  of  ammunition  and  knowledge  of  orders  regard- 
ing the  wearing  of  equipment. 

(/»)  Challenging  by  night. 

(0   Conduct  during  and  after  enemy  gas  attack. 

(/)    Conduct  during  a  heavy  bombardment. 

(k)  Conduct — if  a  mine  is  blown  in  front  or  near  your 
own  line. 

(/)    Conduct  during  an  enemy  attack  or  raid. 

(»i)  Conduct  of  the  counter-attack. 

(n)  Conduct  of  patrols  for  offense  and  reconnaissance. 

(o)  Making  reports. 

(/>)  Keeping  log-book,  trench  store  book  and  necessary 
records. 

(<j)   Flag  of  truce.     Procedure  with  prisoners. 

(r)  Reporting  and  handling  of  casualties. 

(s)  Preparation  for  relief. 

(0  Conduct  of  the  relief. 

5.  Conduct  in  preparation  for  trench  relief  (outgoing  unit): 

(a)  Orders. 

(b)  Checking  and  listing  of  trench-  stores. 

(c)  Statement   for  incoming  unit   containing  all   informa- 

tion   for   incoming   unit,    including   enemy    trenches 
and  wire  and  enemy  activities, 
(rf)  Completion  of  entries  in  log-book. 

(c)  Organization   for  quick   relief,   listening  and   detached 

posts  first. 

(/)  Special  protection  during  relief. 
(y}  Routes  of  departure, 
(/i)  Order  of  leaving  frdnt  line  trenches  and  march  to  rear. 

6.  Relief  Operation  (incoming  unit). 

(a)  Visit  and  reconnaissance  previous  to  taking  over. 

(b)  Number  of  officers  and  noncommissioned  officers  re- 

quired. 

Party  to  obtain  all  detailed  information  necessary  for 
the  immediate  occupation  and  defense. 

(f)  Operation  orders. 

(d)  Order  of  march  from  billets  or  rear  position. 
C?)  Conduct  of  guides. 

(/)  Distribution  of  stores  to  be  carried  by  the  men. 

(g)  Inspection.     Rifles,  equipment,  etc. 


24  PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

(//)  Orders    regarding   noise,   light   and    intervals,    precau- 
tions for  night  marching. 

(i)    Action  to  be  taken  in  the  event  of  attack  during  relief. 
(;')    Instructions  to  new  sentries. 

(If)   Taking  over  trench  stores,  log-book,  information,  etc. 
(/)    Reporting  relief. 


TRENCH  WARFARE— THE  OFFENSE. 


I.     RAIDS. 

(a)  Conduct  of  preparing  details,  objects,  information,  de- 
moralization, inflict  losses.  Make  enemy  nervous, 
taking  of  prisoners  for  Identification  and  information. 
Supplement  intelligence  collected  by  other  branches 
of  the  Service. 

II.    PREPARATION  FOR  AN  ATTACK. 

1.  Practice  trenches. 

2.  Taking  and  laying  out  of  ground  as  exact  copy  of  enemy 

area  to  be  attacked,  based  on  photographs,  trench 
maps  and  information  regarding  trenches.  Strong 
points,  machine  gun  emplacements,  mine  shafts,  tun- 
nels and  all  obstacles. 

3.  Preliminary  orders. 

4.  Distribution  of  ground. 

5.  Disposition  of  units  in  1st,  2d    and  mopping  up  waves. 

6.  Role  assigned  to  each  unit. 

7.  The  obstacles  to  overcome  in  order  to  insure  success. 

8.  The  means  at  the  disposal  of  unit. 

9.  Coordination  of  all  arms  in  unit  and  their  tactical  value. 

10.  Allotment  of  sections  for  special  work. 

11.  Plan  of  operation  in  detail. 

12.  The    number    of   assaulting   sections,    starting    point    of 

each,  distinguishing  marks. 

13.  Objectives  for  each  unit. 

14.  Lines  of  attack  and  compass  bearings. 

15.  Time  assault  is  to  start. 

16.  Communication — runners,  signallers,  telephones. 

17.  Method  by  which  artillery  fire  is  to  be  timed. 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL.  2S 

18.  Explanation  and  practice  with  dummy  barrage,  to  con- 

form with  progress  of  infantry. 

19.  Arrangements    for    signals   informing   positions   of   each 

unit. 

20.  Methods  to  be  adopted  in  marking  out  the  front  occu- 

pied, either  at  some  particular  line  or  on  some  line 
agreed  on. 

THE  CONDUCT  OF  THE  ASSAULT. 

21.  The  occupation  of  the  conquered  position. 

22.  The  exploitation  of  success  obtained. 

23.  Equipment  to  be  carried. 

24.  Supply  of  ammunition. 

25.  Situation  of  dumps,  stores,  etc. 

26.  Evacuation  of  wounded. 

27.  Tests    in    discipline    during    practice    and    preliminary 

training. 

III.    ASSAULT. 

1.  Final  orders — read. 

2.  All  ready — every  man  knows  his  job — cautioned  against 

the  word  "retire." 

3.  Checking  up.     Maps,  supplies,  message  forms,  etc. 

Watches  synchronized. 

4.  Inspection. 

5.  Jumping  off  trenches  occupied. 

6.  Distribution  of  material,  ammunition,  etc.,  to  be  carried. 

Location  of  ration  and  material  dumps. 

7.  Conference  with  arms  which  coordinate  with  your  unit. 

8.  Final  fixing  of  zero  hour. 

9.  Signal  to  go. 

10.  Direction  of  waves. 

11.  Movement  conforming  with  artillery  barrage. 

12.  Pace  uniform. 

13.  Control  of  section  commanders. 

14.  Fighting — the  unit  overcoming  all  obstacles. 

15.  Rush.     Objective. 

16.  Signals   showing  positions.     Messages. 

17.  Mopping  up  wave  dropped. 

18.  Moving  on  to  a  final  objective — same  procedure  as  first. 

19.  Sending  back  prisoners'  escorts. 

20.  Probable  reinforcements. 

21.  Immediate  protection   by  patrols.     Outposts. 


26  PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

22.  Digging  in. 

23.  Communications,  signals,  reports,  connecting  up.     Con- 

solidation. 

24.  Preparation  for  counter  attacks. 

25.  Exploitation  of  success. 

26.  Care  of  wounded. 

27.  Clearing  of  position. 

28.  Burial  of  dead. 

29.  Salvage. 


MINIMUM  SPECIFICATIONS  FOR  TRAINED  INFANTRY. 
The  Headquarters  Company. 


Add  to  the  general  physical  and  other  individual  general  traning 
of  the  soldier  the  following  special  training  of  the  various  specialists 
of  the  headquarters  company. 

1.  The  Band. 

(a)  Music,  individual   and  ensemble. 

(£)  Marching. 

(c)  Ceremonies. 

(d)  Litter  bearing. 

(e)  Hygiene  and  1st  Aid  work. 
(/)  Knowledge  of  trench  systems. 

2.  The  Signalmen. 

Special  instruction  as  outlined  in  the  standard  of  the  individual 
soldier  (the  soldier  agent  of  liaison  Ic,  2c.) 

3.  The  Mounted  Orderlies. 

(a)  Equitation. 

(b)  Care  of  animals. 

(r)   Care  and  repair  of  saddles  and  leather  equipment    and 

of  horse  equipment. 

(d)  Stable  and  corral  management  and  sanitation. 
O)   Grooming. 
(/)   Message  carrying. 
(#)    Map   reading, 
(/i)   Organization,  trench   systems,  etc. 

4.  The  One  Pounder  Cannoneers. 

(fl)    Nomenclature  of  piece. 
(b)   Care  of  piece. 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL.  27 

(c)  Disassemble  and  assemble, 

(rf)  Tactical  use. 

O)  Care  and  use  of  range  finders. 

(/)  Range  and  target  designation. 

(0)  Use  of  mil  scale. 

(h)  Use  of  prismatic  compass. 

(1)  Use  of  clinometer. 

(/)  Knowledge  of   ammunition. 

(&)  Use  of  range  tables. 

(/)  Intrenching. 

(m)  Emplacements. 

(n)  Camouflage. 

(0)  Target  practice. 

5.  The  Trench   Mortarman. 

(a)  Nomenclature    and    mechanism. 

(&)  Care  and  repair  of  arm. 

(c)  Gun  drill. 

(d}  Ammunition.      Supply  of   ammunition. 

(e)  Offense  and  defense. 

(/)  Emplacements. 

(g)  Map  reading 

(A)  Trench  systems. 

6.  Sappers  and  Bombers. 

(a)  Head   cover. 

(b)  Execution  of   full  sap  and  of  double  sap. 

(c)  Execution  of   minirig  operations, 
(rf)  Galleries,  shafts,  timbering. 

O)  Galleries   in  sandy  soil. 

(/)  Explosives.     Fuses,  caps. 

(g)  Loading  and    firing  mines. 

(h)  Storage  and  transportation  of  explosives. 

(/)  Destruction  of  timber,  steel,  etc. 

(/)  Methods  of  putting  guns  out  of  commission. 

(k)  Obstructions  and  barricades. 

7.  Pioneers. 

(a)  Tools  and  equipment. 

(b)  Supply  and  issue   of  tools  and  equipment. 

(c)  Knots  and  lashes. 

(d)  Block  and  tackle. 

(e)  Handling  heavy  weights. 
(/)  Field  piledrivers. 

(g)  Cutting  and  clearing  timber  and  brush. 


28  PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

(A)   Construction  and  repair  of  roads. 

Trail  building. 

Use  of  concrete. 
(£)   Camp  expedients. 
(/)    Bridges. 
(m)  Fords. 

(»)   Pack  transportation. 
(0)   Trench    construction. 

(1)  Wire  entanglements. 

(2)  Chevaux  de   frise. 

(3)  Abatis. 

(4)  Fougasse. 

(5)  Trous  de  loup. 

(6)  Inundations. 

(7)  Concealment   of   obstacles. 

(8)  Camouflage. 

(9)  Street  barricades. 

(10)  Gabions. 

(11)  Fascines. 

(12)  Hurdles. 

(13)  Revetments  of  timber,  chicken  wire,  sod,  con- 
crete,  stone,  etc. 

(14)  Dummy  trenches. 

(15)  Splinter  and  bomb  proofs. 

(16)  Sniper    and   observation   posts. 

(17)  Listening  posts. 

(18)  Trench  drainage. 

(19)  Latrines,   dressing    stations. 

(20)  Approaches   and  communications. 

(21)  Cave  dugouts. 

(22)  Strong   points. 

(23)  Woods   for  defense. 

(24)  Buildings  for  defense. 

(25)  Trench  lighting. 

(26)  Trench  construction  at  night. 

(27)  Trench  repair  and  reversal. 

The  Supply  Company. 

Add  to  the  general  necessary  instruction  of  the  soldier  in  the 
matters  of  discipline,  physical  development,  use  of  arms,  etc.,  the 
following  special  training: 

1.    The  Supply  N.  C.  O.'s  and  Detail. 

(a)  General  use  of  blank  forms,  requisitions,  payrolls,  etc. 
(6)  Receiving,  warehousing,  care  of  and  issue  of  supplies. 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL.  29 

(c)  Entraining  and  detraining. 

(</)  Embarking  and   disembarking 

O)  Field  bases.     Distributing  points,  dumps. 

(/)  Transportation.  Transportation  requests.  Bills  of 
lading. 

(9}  Billeting. 

(h)  Castra mentation. 

(»)    Office  organization. 

(;')  Property  accounts  and  responsibility.  Property  re- 
turns. 

(/e)  Surveys. 

(/)   Care  of  animals,  corrals,  harness. 

(m)  Care  and  slaughter  of  bqef  cattle. 

(n)  The  ration. 

(0)  Construction  and  repair  of  buildings. 

(/>)  Road  discipline. 

(g)  Supply  of  units  in  the  field. 

(r}  Field  cooking.     Bakeries. 

2.  The  Wagoners  and  Transportation  Detail. 

(a)  Care  of  animals. 

(b)  Driving  of  teams. 

(c}  Stable  and  corral  management. 
(d)  Care  and  repair  of  harness. 
O)  Grooming. 

(/)  Road  discipline.     Train  conduct, 
(gr)   Organization   in   general. 

3.  Additional  for  Motor  Transportation. 

(a)  Knowledge  of  construction,  operation,  repair,  etc.,  of 

motor  vehicles  in  general  and  trucks  in  particular. 

(b)  Knowledge  of  care  of  motor  vehicles. 

(c)  Driving  motor  vehicles  and  trucks. 

(d)  Loading  and  packing. 
O)  Motor  trains. 

8.   The  Battalion. 

Qualification  required  under  direction  of  the  Battalion  Com- 
mander in: 

(a)  Close    order   drill. 

(b)  Deployments. 

(c)  Battalion  Ceremonies. 

Qualification  required  under  direction  of  the  Battalion  Com- 
mander in  the  demonstration  of  the  correct  knowledge  of  the 
principles  and  action  in  the  appropriate  details  of  open  warfare 


30  PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

and  of  trench  warfare  (listed  in  company  standard  page  )  cor- 
rectly demonstrated  under  varied  conditions  as  elements  of  a 
stated  field  situation  involving  varied  strength  of  the  entire  com- 
mand. 

9.   The  Regiment 

Qualification  required  under  direction  of  the  Regimental  Com- 
mander in  the  demonstration  of  correct  knowledge  of  the  prin- 
ciples and  action  in  the  following  details  of  open  warfare  correctly 
demonstrated  under  varied  conditions  as  elements  of  a  stated  field 
situatfon. 

1.  The  Regiment  as  Reserve  of  an  Advance  Guard: 

(a)  Formation  under  varied  situations. 

(b)  Ammunition  with  support  and  with  main  body. 

(c)  Protection  of  flanks. 

(rf)  Action  in  response  to  surprise  fire  from  front  and 

from  flanks. 

(e)  Action  under  surprise  artillery  fire. 
(/)  Action   under  aeroplane   bombing  attack. 
(g)  Action    in    aid   of   the    support   when    the   latter    is 

checked, 
(/t)  Action  in  aid  of  the  support  in  the  quick  seizure  of 

advantageous  terrain. 

(i)  Action  in  covering  the  retirement  of  the  support. 
(/)    Action  in  retiring  upon  the  reserve. 

2.  The  Regiment  as  an  Advance  Guard: 

(a)  The  formation, 
(fc)  The  advance. 

(c)  The  deployment  in  attack. 

(d)  The  action  in  the  rencontre. 

3.  The    Regiment   as    Flank    Guard. 

4.  The  Regiment  as  convoy. 

5.  The   preparation   by  the   Regiment  of   its   equipment   for 

loading    on    its    transportation   and    the   loading   of   the 
same. 

6.  The  cohesive  route  march  of  the  Regiment  with  its  trans- 

portation. 

7.  Simulation  of  entraining  and  detraining. 

8.  Simulation  of  embarking  and  disembarking. 

9.  The  Regiment  as  Rear  Guard. 

(a)  The  formation. 

(b)  Action  in  delaying  a  closely  pursuing  enemy. 
10.  The  Regiment  as  Reserve  of  a  Rear  Guard. 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL.  31 

11.  The  Regiment  as  Outpost. 

(a)  The  formation  of  the  outpost. 

(b)  The  proper  conduct  of  the  routine  of  the  outpost. 

(c)  Defensive  action  of  the  outpost  under  varied  assumed 

situations. 

12.  The  Regiment  as  Reserve  of  an  outpost. 

13.  The  Regiment  acting  alone  in  the  offense. 

(a)  The   advance   from  distant  ranges   through  various 

zones. 

(b)  The  reconnaissance. 

(c)  The  issue  of  the  attack  order. 

(d)  The  conduct  of  the  attack. 

(e)  The  conduct  of  liaison. 

(/)  The   supply   and   distribution   of  ammunition. 
ig)  The  pursuit. 

(/O  The   organization   of  captured  ground. 
Ct)  The  withdrawal. 

14.  The  Regiment  attacking  in  Brigade. 

15.  The  Regiment  acting  alone  in  the  defense. 

(a)  The  selection  and  occupation  of  a  defensive  position 

with  hasty  intrenchment. 

(b)  The  conduct  of  the  defense. 

(c)  The  use  of  supports  and  reserves, 
(rf)  The  conduct  of  liaison. 

(e)  The  use  of  reserves. 

16.  The  position  in  readiness. 

17.  Night  maneuvers. 

(a)  The  night  march. 

(b)  The  deployment  at  night. 

(c)  The  night  occupation  of  a  position. 

(d)  The  advancing  of  a  line  and  the  intrenching  of  a 

new  line  at  night. 

(e}  The  night  withdrawal  from  a  position. 
(/)  The  night  attack. 
(g)  The  night  defense. 

18.  Exercises  involving  cavalry  and  artillery. 

(a)  The  Regiment  in  support  of  artillery. 

(b)  The  Regiment  in  attack  supported  by  artillery. 

(c)  The  Regiment  in  defense   against   cavalry. 

(d)  The  Regiment  in  attack   assisted   by  cavalry. 

19.  Conduct  of  the  Regimental  ceremonies 

Qualification  required  under  direction  of  the  Regimental  Com- 


32  PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

mander  in  the  demonstration  of  correct  knowledge  of  principles 
and  action  in  the  following  details  of  trench  warfare  corrertly  dem- 
onstrated as  elements  of  a  stated  field  situation. 

1.  The  passage  from  open  to  trench  warfare. 

(0)  The  seizing  of  advantageous  terrain. 

(&)  The  organization  of  the  sector  under  fire. 

2.  The  defensive  organization  of  a   new  sector. 

3.  The  conduct  of  trench  routine. 

4.  Action  in  being   relieved. 

5.  Action  in  relieving  another  regiment. 

6.  The  conduct  of  various  phases  of  the  defense. 

7.  The  offensive. 

(o)  The  conduct  of  the  raid. 

(b)  The  conduct  of  the  preparation  for  the  attack. 

(c)  The  conduct  of  the  assault. 

8.  The  passage  from  trench  to  open  warfare. 

The   Non-Commissioned   Officer. 

(a)  The   Non   Commissioned   Officer   will  be   required   to 

qualify  in  the  training  requirements  of  the  individual 
soldier. 

(b)  The   Non   Commissioned   Officer  will   be    required   to 

qualify  in  the  duties  of  instructor  and  command 
appropriate  to  his  grade  and  rank  outlined  in  the 
training  standard  for  Company  Officers  (page  30) 
and  marked  thus  (x)  substituting  wherever  it 
occurs  squad,  detachment  or  platoon  for  company. 

The  Company  Officer. 

If  the  company  officer  has  not  had  adequate  training  as  a  soldier, 
he  will  while  being  instructed  in  the  duties  of  command  also  be  given 
instruction  in  the  requirements  of  the  individual  soldier  standard  and 
be  required  to  qualify  therein.  He  will  be  required  to  qualify  in  the 
following : 

1.  Manipulation  of  Field  Equipment. 

(a)  Adjust  the  officer's  individual  field  equipment. 

(b)  Make  officer's  bedding  roll  with  required  contents  and 

weight. 

2.  Command  Qualification. 

(a)  Conduct  inspection  of  company  equipped  for  field  service 
and  demonstrate  proper  condition,  distribution,  ad- 
justment, etc.,  of  equipment. 

(6)  Inspect  and  check  articles  of  Equipment  "A"  carried  in 
field  train. 


'PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

O)  Inspect  and  check  articles  of  Equipment  "B"  carried  in 

field  train. 

(d)  Direct  packing  of  Equipment  "A"  and  Equipment  "B." 
O)    Conduct  inspection  of  detachment  with  open  packs. 
(/)  Conduct  inspection  of  detachment  pitching  single  shelter 

tents. 
(g)  Conduct    inspection    of    detachment    pitching    double 

shelter  tents. 
(h)   Direct  the  packing  of  the  surplus  kit  bag. 

3.  Study  and  conferences. 

Drill  regulations.     Equipment  manuals. 

4.  Nomenclature,  Care  and  Use  of  the  Pistol. 

(a)  Nomenclature  of  the  pistol. 

(b)  Dismount  the  pistol   and  assemble. 

(c)  Demonstrate  position  and  aiming  drills, 
(rf)   Nomenclature  of  the  hand  grenade. 

5.  Command  Qualification. 

(a)  Direct  detachment  in  sight  setting  drills. 

(b)  Direct  detachment  in  deviation  drills. 

(c)  Direct     detachment  in  dummy  loading  practice, 
(rf)    Direct  detachment  'in  fire  rateing  practice. 

(2)  Conduct  sighting  drills. 

(/)   Conduct  position  and  aiming  drills. 

6.  Study  and  Conference. 

S.  A.  F.  Manual.     Drill  Regulations.     Ordnance  Manuals. 

7.  Outdoor  Range  Practice. 

(a)  Individual  qualification. 

Qualification,   score,  pistol  practice. 

(b)  Command  qualification. 

(1)  Demonstrate  correct  methods  of  conduct  of  target 

practice  both  at  firing  points  and  in  the  pit. 

(2)  Demonstrate  methods  of  efficient  range  instruction 

and  coaching. 

(3)  Conduct  of   field  firing  exercises. 

8.  Manual  of  Arms,  etc. 

(a)  Individual    qualifications. 

(1)  Manual  of  the  sabre;  marching  with  sabre.  Salut- 

ing   when    passing    in    review,    etc.      (Omit    at 
present.) 

(2)  Voice  and   oral   command   training. 


34  PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

(fr)  Command    qualification. 

(1)  Instruct  and  drill  detachment  in  Requirements  1-7, 

Infantry  Soldier's  Standard.   (Manual  of  Arms.) 

(2)  Demonstrate  and  describe  "Honors  and  Salutes." 
9.    Drill. 

(a)  Command  qualifications: 

(1)  Instruct  and   drill   detachment  in  requirements  of 

Infantry  Soldier's  Standard.   (Drill.^) 

(2)  Instruct  and  drill  a  squad,  take  distance,  interval, 

right   by   twos,  right   by   file,  squad  column. 

(3)  Command  a  company  in  company  close  order  drill. 

(4)  Command  a  company  in  platoon  close  order  drill. 

(5)  Command  a  platoon  in  company  close  order  drill. 

(6)  Command  a  company  in  extended  order  drill,  com- 

mands and  with  signals  only. 

(7)  Lead  deployments  of  squad,  platoon  and  company 

from   any   direction    with)  maximum    speed    ana 
efficiency. 

(8)  Direct  and  lead  squad,  platoon  and  company  rushes 

with   maximum  efficiency. 

(9)  Five  tests  in  proper  indication  of  targets. 

(10)  Communicate   an   assigned   target   to  members  of 

squad. 

(11)  Indicate  and  assign  targets  to  squads  of  a  platoon. 

(12)  Indicate  and  assign  targets  to  platoons  of  a  com- 

pany. 

(13)  Direct  and  control  fire  of  a  squad,  platoon,  and  a 

company    without   ammunition    and    with    blank 
ammunition. 

(14)  Direct  the  distribution  of  the  fire  of  squad,  pla- 

toon and  company. 

(15)  Direct  the  shifting  of  fire  of  a  squad,  platoon,  and 

company. 

(16)  Direct  the  combat  advance  of  a  company  through 

various  zones. 

(17)  Demonstrate  the  mechanism  of  intrencing.     Dem- 

onstrate  use   of  the   mil   rule   in   designation   of 
targets. 

(18)  Demonstrate  use  of  "range  estimators." 

(19)  Demonstrate  use  of  fixed  base  range  finder. 

(20)  Demonstrate  moans  of  communication  within  the 

company   an   dbetwcen    company   and    battalion. 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY- TRAINING  MANUAL.  35 

(21)  Command  company  in  battalion  drill  and   in   de- 

ployments. 

(22)  Prepare  drill  and  instruction  schedules. 

10.  Interior  Guard  Duty. 

(a)  Command  qualifications. 

(1)  Demonstrate   duties   of   noncommissioned   officers 

of  the  guord. 

(2)  Demonstrate  duties  of  the  officers  of  the  guard. 

(3)  Demonstrate  duties  of  the  officer  of  the  day. 
(&)  Study  and  conference. 

(1)  Guard  manual. 

11.  Bayonet  Exercise  and  Combat. 

(a)  Command    qualification. 

(1)  Command    and    instruct    detachment    in    bayonet 

exercise. 

(2)  Command     and     instruct     detachment     in     bayonet 

combat. 

12.  Sanitation,  Hygiene   and  First  Aid. 

(a)   Command  qualification. 

(1)  Demonstrate  inspection  of  feet  of  company. 

(2)  Demonstrate  measurement  of  feet  and  fitting  of 

shoes. 

(3)  Discuss   venereal  prophylaxis. 

(4)  Describe  construction  and  care  of  rears,  picket  lines, 

etc. 

(5)  Demonstrate  use  of  sterilizing  bag,  water. 

13.  Signalling. 

(a)  Command  qualification. 

(1)  Proper  interpretation  with  speed  of  drill  and  firing 

signals. 

(2)  Instruction  in  flag  and  semaphore  signalling. 

(3)  Bugle  calls  and  signals. 

(4)  Use  of  whistle. 

(5)  Knowledge  of  trench  systems  of  signals  and  liaison. 

14.  Marching. 

(a)  •Command  qualification. 

(1)  Demonstrate    guiding    and    leading    the    column    in 

marching. 

(2)  Describe   and   demonstrate  march   discipline. 

15.  Elements  of  Field  Service. 

(fl)  Individual  and  command  qualification. 


36  PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

(1)  Direct  the  pitching  and  the  folding  of  pyramidal 

and  wall  tents. 

(2)  Demonstrate  selection  of  camp  site  and  placing  of 

troops  in  camp. 

(3)  Demonstrate   individual  cooking. 

(4)  Special  qualification  test  in  estimation  of  distance. 

(5)  Use  of  fixed  base  range  finder. 

(6)  Use  of  field  glasses. 

(7)  Facility  in  map  reading. 

(8)  Elementary  instruction  for  machine  guns. 

(9)  Make  a  position  sketch  of  designated  area. 

(10)  Make  a  road  sketch. 

(11)  Solve  small  map  problems. 

(12)  Participate  in  small  map  maneuvers. 

(13)  Prepare  written  messages. 

(14)  Prepare  written  field  orders. 

(15)  Issue  verbal  field  orders. 

(b)  Qualification  in  the  command  and  leadership  required  by 
the  corporal,  the  sergeant,  lieutenant  and  the  captain 
in  the  various  details  of  field  service  outlined  in  the 
individual  standard. 

(1)  Conduct  of  grenade  instruction. 

(2)  The  instruction  of  the  company  non-technical   spe- 
cialists. 

16.  Administration,  Records,  Interior  Economy  of  a  Company. 

(a)  Command  qualification. 

(1)  Instruction   by   demonstration   of   interior   economy 

and  administration  of  company 

(2)  Study  of  records  of  a  company. 

(3)  Preparation  of  company  and  battalion  papers. 

(4)  Study  and  conference  on  orders  and  regulations. 

17.  Customs  of  the  Service. 

(a)  Conference  and  study  of  subject  following  Mess  Offi- 
cers' Manual. 

18.  Military  Law. 

(a)  Demonstration  of  conduct  of  members  of  courts-mar- 

tial, judge  advocate,  witness,  counsel,  mock  courts. 

(b)  Preparation  of  military  law  papers  and  records. 

19.  Trench  Warfare. 

(a)  Command  and  instruct  the  company  and  included  units 
in  the  details  of  trench  warfare  listed  in  tb«>  school 
of  the  company. 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL.  37 

(b)  Special  knowledge  of  organization  of  terrain  appro- 
priate to  the  company. 

(O  Special  and  thorough  knowledge  of  trench  systems 
and  the  details  of  trench  construction. 

(rf)  The  drawing  up  of  defense  schemes. 

O)  The  preparation  of  trench  records  and  reports. 

(/)  The  preparation  and  interpretation  of  operation  orders. 

(#)   Special  knowledge  of  methods  of  liaison. 

The  Field  Officer  and  The  Staff  Officer. 

The  Field  Officer  will  be  required  to  qualify  in  the  following: 
p  The  requirements  of  the  standard  of  training  for  com- 

pany officers. 

The  tactical  use  of  trains. 

The  conduct  of  battalion  close  order  drills. 

The  conduct  of  battalion  deployment. 

The  use  of  inter-company  and  inter-regimental  sys- 
tems of  communication. 

The  indication  and  assignment  of  targets. 

The  direction  and  control  of  battalion  fire  using  blank 
ammunition. 

The  conduct  of  field  firing  exercises. 

Tire  direction  of  the  advance  of  a  battalion  through 
various  zones. 

The   refilling   and   supplying  and   the  distribution   of 
ammunition. 

The  leading  of  bayonet  charges,  battalion  and  regi- 
mental. 

The  use  of  battalion  supports  and  regimental  reserves. 
The  reinforcement  of  the  firing  line. 

The   conduct  of  marches   of  battalion   and   regiment 
with  proper  march  discipline  and  effectiveness. 

Battalion  and  regimental  castramentation. 

Solution    of    map    problems    involving   the    battalion, 
regiment  and  brigade. 

Participation   in   map   maneuvers   involving   the   bat- 
talion, regiment  and  brigade. 

Preparation   of   map   problem   and   direction   of   map 
maneuvers. 

Preparation  of  training  schedules. 

The  use  of  machine  guns. 

Preparation  of  written  messages. 


38  PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

Verbal  issue  of  field  orders  involving  the  battalion 
and  regiment. 

Preparation  of  written  field  orders  involving  the  bat- 
talion, regiment  and  brigade. 

Command  of  battalion  and  regiment  in  varied  field 
exercises  involving:  Advance  guard  duty,  rear  guard 
duty,  flank  marches,  convoy,  the  outpost,  the  de- 
fense, the  attack,  the  position  in  readiness,  night 
maneuvers. 

Trench  Warfare. 

Command  and  instruct  the  battalion  and  regiment  in 
the  appropriate  details  of  trench  warfare. 

Special  knowledge  of  the  organization  of  a  sector  in 
trench  warfare. 

Special  knowledge  of  trench  systems. 

The  drawing  up  of  defense  schemes. 

The  preparation  and  interpretation  of  operation  orders. 

Special  knowledge  of  methods  of  liaison. 


PART     II. 

Training    Methods. 

1.  To  organize  for  the  development  of  individuals  to  a  standard. 

(a)  Organize  an  instruction  unit  directed  by  a  commissioned 
instructor  assisted  by  non-commissioned  officer  in- 
structors. 

EXAMPLE 

(Unit  of  200  men.) 

N.  C.  O.'s. 

N.  C.  O.'s. 

(ft)  Organize  four  instruction  units  into  an  instruction 
battalion  with  the  following  additional  personnel : 
one  officer  (supervising  training),  one  testing  group 
consisting  of  one  officer  and  two  noncommissioned 
officers. 

(r)  Organize  four  instruction  battalions  into  an  instruction 
regiment  with  additional  personnel  of,  one  officer 
(supervising  training). 

(d)  Organize   in  each   training  center  a  Training   Board  to 

act  upon  questions  of  training  and  to  consist  of: 

(1)  The  Commanding  Officer. 

(2)  The  Chief  of  Staff. 

(3)  The  C.  O.'s  of  Training  Regiments. 

(4)  The  Directors  of  Special  Instruction. 

(5)  The  Director  of  the  Training  Laboratory. 

(e)  In  a  large  training  centre  organize  a  training  laboratory 

to  work  on  improvement  of  standard,  improvement 
of  methods,  to  try  out  suggestions,  etc.  Included  in 
its  personnel  in  an  advisory  capacity  should  be  an 
"efficiency  engineer"  from  civil  industry. 

2.  To  define  the  standard  of  training. 

(a)  Prepare  specifications  stating  definitely  and  clearly  what 

tre  trained  individual  should  know  and  what  the 
trained  individual  or  unit  should  be  able  to  do. 

(b)  Exhibit  General  Staff  films  prepared  for  the  purpose  of 

fixing   standard   of    precision   in  certain  branches, 

(c)  Exhibit  standard  of  action  by  means  of  selected  qualified 

men. 

39 


40  PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

3.  To  conduct  individual  instruction  in  an  instruction  unit. 

(a)    Form  the  unit  as  below : 

~"1T~      N.  C.  O.'s. 

x  x          N.  C.  O.'s. 

(&)  For  convenience  mark  the  line  of  groups  by  a  line  or 
otherwise. 

(f)   Divide  the  instruction   into  details. 

(d)  State  the  detail  of  instruction  to  be  taken  up  and  com- 
mand "Take  up  the  instruction." 

(e}  Do  not  permit  N.  C.  O.'s  to  rest  their  groups  until  you 
indicate  rest  by  a  whistle  signal. 

(/)  Maintain  interest  and  attention  by  frequent  change  in 
nature  of  instruction. 

(#)  Bring  constant  pressure  to  bear  upon  N.  C.  O.'s  to  main- 
tain instruction  efficiency  at  a  maximum1. 

(/j)  Give  all  forms  of  individual  instruction  by  this  method, 
including  drill,  acquiring  information,  etc. 

4.  To  exert  pressure  for  securing  concentration  and  efficiency 

in  the  work  of  training. 

(a)   Assign  drill  areas  and  rotate  if  necessary. 

(b}  The  commanding  officer  makes  frequent  inspections, 
keeping  in  close  touch  with  the  work. 

(O  Regimental  commanders  constantly  circulate  among  their 
units,  stimulating,  energizing  and  co-ordinating. 

(rf)   Battalion  commanders  constantly  circulate  among  units, 

stimulate,   energize   and   co-ordinate. 

Battalion  commanders  supervise  qualification  tests  and 
maintain  graphic  progress  charts  for  comparison  and 
detection  of  inefficiency. 

(tf)  Training  unit  commanders  supervise,  stimulate  and 
energize  work  of  their  N.  C.  O.'s  by  every  art  known 
to  the  skilled  instructor.  They  do  not  permit  them- 
selves to  relax  into  indifference.  They  maintain  the 
highest  degree  of  attention  and  instruction  energy. 
They  cause  their  N.  C.  O.'s  to  constantly  feel  pressure 
for  maximum  efficiency  in  instruction  work  and  the 
securing  of  results.  They  frequently  assemble  their 
N.  C.  O.'s  for  very  short  and  sharp  conferences.  They 
frequently  exhibit  standards. 

(/)  Training  progress  and  qualifications  are  graphically  re- 
corded on  large  bulletins  and  posted  for  stimulating 
effect. 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL.  41 

5.  To  Graphically  record  training  progress. 

(a)  Arrange  large  bulletin,  post  in  training  area  of  training 

unit,  showing  training  subjects  in  columns  and  names 
of  men  in  lines. 
Blacken   squares  to   indicate  qualifications, 

(b)  Indicate  total  unit  progress  by  means  of  a  large  clock 

dial,  thermometer  face  *or  other  graphic  method, 
(r)  Post   comparative    graphs    of    progress    of    all    units    in 
Regimental  Training  Record   Office  for  study  of  the 
Commanding   Officer. 

6.  To  conduct  the  instruction  of  deficients. 

(a)  Quickly  separate  deficients   from  their  units. 
Organize  them  under  instructors  of  special  skill. 
After  fair  trial  if  they  fail  to  qualify  recommend  them 
for  suitable  government  work  in  some  other  capacity. 

7.  To  plan  and  schedule  training  work. 

(a)  Central  authority   issue  the   statement  of  the   specifica- 

tions or  the  standard. 

(b)  Central  authority  may  issue  a  very  general  outline  of 

the  desired  order  of  progress  of  the  work. 

(c)  Commanding    Officer    issues   an    outline   of   the    desired 

order  of  the  progress  of  the  work,  hours  of  instruc- 
tion, etc. 

(rf)  Comfmanders  of  units  of  instruction  submit  weekly 
schedules  through  Battalion  Commanders,  to  Regiment 
Commanders. 

(tf)  Frequent  conferences  are  held  to  co-ordinate  and  correct 
schedules. 

8.  To  maintain  efficiency  and  render  desired  action  habitual. 

(a)  List  routine  drills  and  give  them  their  proportion  of 
time,  for  example: 

(1)  Dummy  loading. 

(2)  Sight  setting. 

(3)  Firings:    Fire    direction,    control    and    distribution 

(without  ammunition  and  with  ball  ammuition). 

(4)  Field  firing   (with  ball  ammunition). 

(5)  Marching. 

(6)  Supervise   squad   drill   for   development   of   leader- 

ship in  N.  C.  O.'s. 

(7)  Close    order    drill    for    development    of    discipline 

("steadiness  drill"). 

(8)  Saluting  drill  for  development  ot  discipline. 

(9)  Attacks  by  small  units. 
(10)   Gas  defense  drills,  etc. 


42  PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 

9.    To  conduct  instruction  in  the  elements  of  Field  Service. 

(a)   State  simple  Field  Problems. 

(by  Separate   problem    into   details    for   execution. 

(c)  Study  practically  the  execution  of  the  details.  Criticize 
and  repeat  until  they  are  correctly  executed  and  all 
the  lessons  involved  correctly  learned. 

10.    To  develop  march  ability. 

(a)  Inspect  the  feet  and  cause  them  to  be  put  into  good 
condition. 

(ft)   Inspect  the  fitting  of  the  socks. 

(c)  Inspect  the  fitting  of  the  shoes. 

(rf)  Repeat  routine  practice  marches,  beginning  with  small 
organizations  without  packs,  short  distances,  low  rates 
of  speed  and  gradually  increasing  until  large  organi- 
zations are  efficient.  Conducting  long  'marches  at  desig- 
nated rates  of  speed  and  carrying  full  field  equipment 

(c)  Qualify  N.  C.  O.'s  in  the  duties  of  guiding  marching 
columns  and  rating  marches. 

(/)  Make  frequent  foot  inspections. 

To  Develop  Morale. 

(a)  Cause  officers  and  non-commissioned  officers  to  under- 
stand the  proportion  occupied  by  morale  in  the  stand- 
ard of  training  of  the  soldier  and  to  understand  their 
part  in  the  development  of  morale. 

(ft)  Cause  the  men  to  understand  that  large  part  of  the 
development  of  the  standard  of  moral  depends  upon 
their  responsiveness  and  co-operation.  Cause  them 
to  respond  in  the  following: 

1.  Patriotism  and  Loyalty. 

(a)  Make  judicious  use  of  ceremonies.  Make  ceremonies 
spectacular  and  of  local  importance.  Avoid  making 
ceremonies  disagreeable. 

(ft)  Direct  historical  study  preferably  through  motion  pictures. 

(c)   Make  use  of  patriotic  motion  pictures. 

W  Secure  occasional  short  talks  by  patriotic  speakers, 
preferably  a  "field  talk"  during  a  drill  rest  period. 

2.  Discipline. 

(a)  Make  routine  use  of  close  order  "steadiness  drill"  pressr 
ing  with  maximum  energy  for  exactness,  smartness 
and  precision. 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL.  43 

(b)  Cause  the  men  to  understand  the  meaning  of  discipline. 

Use    occasions    of    hardship    to    strengthen    ideas   of 
discipline  in  the  minds  of  the  men. 

3.  Self  Respect  and  Pride. 

(a)  Develop   pride    in    individual   military   appearance,   skill 

in  drill,  accomplishment  in  war,  etc. 
(&)  Develop   smartness  to  a  high  degre. 

4.  Alertness. 

(a)  Develop  by  proper  diet,  proper  sleep,  proper  exercise, 
good  bathing  facilities,  good  facilities  for  recreation, 
military  drills,  etc. 

5.  Esprit. 

(a)  Take  every  advantage  to  further  esprit  of  organization. 
Sometimes  proper  advantage  can  be  taken  of  com- 
munity esprit  and  of  race  esprit. 

6.  Cheerfulness. 

(a)  Develop    by    providing    good    messes    and    comfortable 

living  conditions,  recreation,  etc. 
(&)  Provide  intelligent  and  efficient  training. 

(c)  Provide  plenty  of  work  with  an  object  in  view.    Avoid 

prescribing  work  merely  to  kill  time. 
(</)  Eliminate    nagging    and    abuse    by    officers.      Eliminate 

habitual  "knocking." 
(?)  Make  timely  use  of  praise  and  reward. 

7.  Enthusiasm. 

(a)  Develop  by  personal  effort  of  commanders.  It  is  de- 
pendent upon  their  personality. 

8.  Initiative. 

(o)  Use  every  opportunity  at  drills  and  elsewhere  to  cause 
individuals  to  use  their  heads,  and  in  the  absence  of 
orders  to  aggressively  take  the  action  which  he  deems 
proper. 

(ft)  Encourage  individuals  to  think  and  to  submit  ideas. 
Provide  means  for  testing  these  ideas.  Give  the  indi- 
viduals credit. 

9.  Aggressiveness. 

(a)  Develop  by  physical  drill, 

(b)  Develop  by  accustoming  men  to  personal  contest  in  box- 

ing, wrestling,  etc. 

(f)  Develop  in  connection  with  bayonet  fighting. 

(d)  Take  advantage  of  every  opportunity  to  develop  aggres- 
siveness. 


44 


PROVISIONAL  INFANTRY  TRAINING  MANUAL. 


10.    Determination  and  Tenacity. 

(a)  Take  advantage  of  every  opportunity   to  impress 
the   minds   of   individuals   the   necessity    for   ext 
tenacity  and  determination. 


<J 


Photomount 
Pamphlet 

Binder 
Gaylord  Bros. 

Makers 
Stockton,  Calif. 

PAT.  IAN.  21.  1908 


LYC  63147 


6G4362 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


